Apple Vision Pro used for the first time in a live bariatric surgery. Procedure performed by Dr Mohit Bhandari, leading bariatric surgeon, at Pristyn Care in New Delhi, India.

Apple Vision Pro used for the first time in a live bariatric surgery. Procedure performed by Dr Mohit Bhandari, leading bariatric surgeon, at Pristyn Care in New Delhi, India.

Since the release of Apple’s Vision Pro and Meta’s Quest series XR headsets, we’ve entered a new era of interaction design. Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality go beyond entertainment and now can even be found on the heads of surgeons like this **Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy** in India**.**

AI innovation has flooded our news, but in the background, XR development has experienced rapid advances in the past decade—especially in CMU’s HCII, CMU Extended Reality Technology Center (XRTC), the Entertainment Technology Center (ETC), and the Center for Transformational Play (CTP). We’ll be covering some of the opportunities to get involved with XR at CMU, relevant courses, and resources to learn more.

What is “XR”? VR? AR? MR?

Easily ( and understandably ) perceived as the same thing, VR, AR, and Mixed Reality (MR) are all different, but all fall under the family of XR: “Extended Reality.”

Virtual Reality ( VR )

— Example: Immersive video games like VRChat. VR immerses users in a fully digital, simulated environment, shutting out the physical world.

Half Life: Alyx — Videogame ; soldiers in an abandoned dystopian world. A mech with long legs is visible in the background with a cloudy deserted landscape.

Half Life: Alyx — Videogame

Augmented Reality ( AR )

Example: Pokemon Go. AR overlays digital information—such as images, sounds, or data—onto the real world. Unlike VR, which creates an entirely simulated environment, AR blends digital elements with the real world.

Pokemon Go: A pokemon character (Lapras) is added into the real world by looking through your phone’s camera.

Pokemon Go

Mixed Reality ( MR )

Example: Apple Vision Pro workspaces. ****Where users can see their environment around them (via cameras in the headset) and digital content is added to their real space.